HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Chronological History of Nanotechnology - SummaryDateEvent1936Erwin Müller, at Siemens, invented the field emission microscope, which made it possible to achieve images close to atomic resolution of the materials.The 40sVon Neuman study the possibility of creating self-reproducing systems as a way to reduce costs.1956Arthur von Hippel at MIT coined, among other concepts, the term- "molecular engineering".1958Jack kilby Texas Instruments designs and builds the first integrated circuit , for which he would later receive the Nobel Prize in 2000.1959RichardFeynmann speaks for the first time at a conference on the future of scientific research: "In my view, the principles of the Physicist speak out against the possibility of maneuver things atom by atom".1966The film "Amazing Journey" is made, which tells the journey of some scientists through the human body. Scientists shrink to the size of a particle and get inside a researcher's body to destroy the tumor that is killing him. For the first time in history, this is seen as a true scientific possibility. The film is a great success.1974Norio Taniguchi from Tokyo University of Sciences coins the term nanotechnology in the dimensional framework at the atomic scale1985Buckminsterfullerenes are discovered1989The film "Honey I Shrunk the Children" is made, a film that tells the story of a scientist who invents a machine that can reduce the size of things using lasers.1996Sir Harry Kroto wins the Nobel Prize for having discovered fullerenes1997The smallest guitar in the world is manufactured. It is about the size of a red blood cell.1998Selogra converting a carbon nanotube into a nanopencil that can be used for writing1999-2000The consumer products that make use of nanotechnology begin to appear on the market- Car bumpers that resist dents and scratches, golf balls that fly straight, tennis rackets that are stiffer, baseball bats with better flexibility and "hit", antibacterial nano-silver socks, clear sunscreens , wrinkle-free and stain-resistant clothing, deep-penetrating therapeutic cosmetics, scratch-resistant glass liners, faster-recharging batteries for cordless power tools, and screen enhancements for televisions, cell phones and digital cameras2001James Gimzewski enters the Guinness Book of Records for having invented the smallest calculator in the world.Main advances in nanotechnology and nanoscience research in recent years2003Naomi Halas, Jennifer West, Rebeca Drezek, and Renata Pasqualin at Rice University develop gold nanocapsules, which when "tuned" in size to absorb near-infrared light, serve as a platform for integrated cancer discovery, diagnosis, and treatment without invasive biopsies, surgery or destructive systemic radiation or chemotherapy.2006James Tour and his colleagues at Rice University build a nanoscale "car" made of oligo (ethinylene phenylene) with alkynyl shafts and four spherical C60 fullerene wheels (buckyball). In response to increases in temperature, the nanocar was moving on a gold surface as a result of the wheels - buckyball, like a conventional car moves. At temperatures above 300 ° C it was moving too fast for chemists to keep track of its movement.2007Angela Belcher and her colleagues at MIT build a lithium-ion battery with a common type of virus that is harmless to humans, using a low-cost, environmentally friendly procedure. The batteries have the same energy capacity and energy performance as rechargeable batteries with state-of-the-art technology (hybrid cars, personal electronic devices. Etc.)2009Nadrian Seeman and several colleagues at New York University create several nanoscale devices with a robotic assembly of DNA. It is a process of creating 3D DNA structures using synthetic DNA crystal sequences that can be programmed to self-assemble using "sticky ends" and placed in a joint order and orientation. It is an advance with potential applications in Nanoelectronics. Another creation of Seeman (with colleagues from Nanjing University of China) is a "DNA assembly line." For this work, Seeman shared the Kavli Award for Nanoscience in 2010.2010IBM uses a silicon tip that measures only a few nanometers at its apex (similar to the tips used in atomic force microscopes) to chisel material out of a substrate and create a complete 3D nanoscale map of the world - about the size of a - one thousandth of a grain of salt and he did it in 2 minutes 23 seconds. This activity demonstrates a powerful patterning methodology to generate nanoscale patterns and structures as small as 15 nanometers in size with great cost reduction. opening new perspectives for fields such as electronics, optoelectronics, and medicine.2013Researchers at Stanford University develop the first set of carbon nanotubes.Various sources have been used for this historical chronology of the main events. Among them, we highlight the Official website of the United States National Nanotechnology Initiative, especially in the most relevant research advances.

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